Mechanical Behavior of Materials (رفتار مکانیکی مواد)

The successful utilization of materials requires that they satisfy a

set of properties. These properties can be classified into thermal, optical,

mechanical, physical, chemical, and nuclear, and they are intimately

connected to the structure of materials. The structure, in its

turn, is the result of synthesis and processing. A schematic framework

that explains the complex relationships in the field of the mechanical

behavior of materials, shown in Figure 1.1, is Thomas’s iterative tetrahedron,

which contains four principal elements: mechanical properties,

characterization, theory, and processing. These elements are

related, and changes in one are inseparably linked to changes in the

others. For example, changes may be introduced by the synthesis and

processing of, for instance, steel. The most common metal, steel has

a wide range of strengths and ductilities (

makes it the material of choice for numerous applications. While lowcarbon

steel is used as reinforcing bars in concrete and in the body

of automobiles, quenched and tempered high-carbon steel is used in

more critical applications such as axles and gears. Cast iron, much

      more brittle, is used in a variety of applications, including automobile  

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mechanical properties), which